Viet Nam's Law on Artificial Intelligence
VGP - Below is full translation of Viet Nam's Law on Artificial Intelligence, which took effect on March 1, 2026.
| NATIONAL ASSEMBLY | THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIET NAM |
| Law No: 134/2025/QH15 | Ha Noi, December 10, 2025 |
LAW ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Pursuant to the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam, which was amended and supplemented under Resolution No. 203/2025/QH15;
The National Assembly hereby promulgates the Law on Artificial Intelligence.
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article 1. Scope of application
1. This law provides for the research, development, provision, deployment, and use of artificial intelligence systems (hereafter referred to as artificial intelligence activities); the rights and obligations of relevant organizations and individuals, as well as state management of artificial intelligence activities in Viet Nam.
2. Artificial intelligence activities dedicated solely to national defense, security, and cipher purposes shall not fall into the scope of regulation of this law.
This law shall be applicable to Vietnamese organizations and individuals, foreign organizations and individuals participating in artificial intelligence activities in Viet Nam.
Article 3. Interpretation of terms
In this law, the following terms shall be construed as follows:
1. Artificial intelligence means the electronic execution of human intellectual capabilities, including learning, reasoning, perception, judgment, and natural language understanding.
2. Artificial intelligence system means a machine-based system designed to perform artificial intelligence functions with various levels of autonomy, have self-adaptation ability after deployment; based on explicit or implicit objectives, the system infers from the inputs received to generate outputs such as predictions, content, recommendations, or decisions thay can influence physical or digital environments.
3. Developer means an organization or individual that designs, builds, trains, tests, or fine-tunes the whole or a part of a model, algorithm, or an artificial intelligence system, and exercises direct control over the technical methodology, training data, or model parameters.
4. Provider means any organization or individual that circulates an artificial intelligence system or put it into use under their own name, brand, or trademark, regardless of whether that system has been developed by themselves or by a third party.
5. Deployer means any organization or individual using an artificial intelligence system under their control in the course of their professional, commercial, or service-provision activities; excluding cases where the system is used for personal, non-commercial purposes.
6. User means any organization or individual that directly interacts with an artificial intelligence or utilizes the outputs generated from such system.
7. Affected person means any organization or individual whose legitimate rights and interests, life, health, property, reputation, or access to services are directly or indirectly impacted by the deployment or the outputs of an artificial intelligence system.
8. Serious incident means any event occurring during the operation of an artificial intelligence system that causes or poses a risk of causing significant harm to life, health, human rights, property, cybersecurity, public order, the environment, or disrupts the operation of critical information systems for national security.
Article 4. Fundamental principles in artificial intelligence activities
1. To be human-centric; to guarantee human rights, privacy, national interests, public interests, and national security; to strictly comply with the Constitution and the legislation.
2. Artificial intelligence shall serve humans and shall not replace human authority and responsibility. To ensure the maintenance of human oversight and the capacity of human intervention over all decisions and actions of artificial intelligence systems; system safety, data security, information confidentiality; and maintain the examination and monitoring the development and operation of artificial intelligence systems.
3. To ensure fairness, transparency, and non-bias, non-discrimination, and to prevent harms to humans or society; to comply with ethical standards and cultural values of Viet Nam; and to fulfill accountability obligations for the decisions and consequences of artificial intelligence systems.
4. To promote the development of green, inclusive, and sustainable artificial intelligence; to encourage the development and application of artificial intelligence technologies that optimize energy efficiency, conserve resources, and mitigate negative environmental impacts.
Article 5. State policies for artificial intelligence activities
1. To formulate policies to develop artificial intelligence as an important driving force for growth, innovation, and sustainable national development.
2. To encourage controlled technological experimentation; to apply management measures commensurate with the level of risk, and to promote voluntary compliance mechanisms.
3. To implement policies that guarantee the rights of, and create favorable conditions for, organizations and individuals to access, learn about, and benefit from artificial intelligence; to encourage the development and application of artificial intelligence for social welfare, supporting persons with disabilities, the poor, and ethnic minorities to bridge the digital divide, while preserving and promoting national cultural identity.
4. To prioritize investment and mobilize social resources for the development of data infrastructure, computing infrastructure, safe artificial intelligence, high-quality human resources, and shared artificial intelligence platforms of national strategic importance.
5. To prioritize the application of artificial intelligence in administrative management, governance, public service delivery, and decision-support systems of State agencies in order to enhance efficiency, transparency, and service quality in favor of citizens and enterprises; to encourage the widespread application across socio-economic sectors in order to boost productivity, service quality, and management efficiency.
6. To encourage social organizations, networks, and initiatives that promote safety, ethics, trustworthiness, and the building of public trust in the development of artificial intelligence.
7. To facilitate the application of artificial intelligence in business operations, and key socio-economic sectors; to develop the startup and innovation ecosystem; to encourage public and private partnership.
8. To be proactive in international integration and cooperation; to participate in the formulation and shaping of global governance standards and frameworks; to protect national interests and sovereignty in the field of artificial intelligence.
Article 6. Application of artificial intelligence in sectors and fields
1. The application of artificial intelligence in sectors and fields must comply with the risk management principles provided for this Law and relevant legislation.
a) The healthcare sector: Ensuring patient safety; reliability under real-world conditions of use; and the protection of health data in accordance with the law;
b) The education sector: Ensuring the appropriateness with the age characteristics and development of learners; preventing risks in evaluation, classification, and impacts on learners; ensure data safety and privacy.
3. The application of artificial intelligence in scientific research activities must ensure compliance with research ethics and scientific integrity, and prevent fraudulent acts or plagiarism during the research and publication of result.
4. The Government, ministries, and ministerial-level agencies shall, within the scope of their functions, duties, and powers, provide detailed regulations on safety requirements, risk management, and deployment conditions for the application of artificial intelligence in the sectors and fields under their respective management, ensuring consistency with the provisions of this Law.
1. Misusing or misappropriating artificial intelligence systems to commit illegal acts or infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of organizations and individuals.
2. Developing, providing, and deploying or using artificial intelligence systems for the following purposes:
a) Committing acts prohibited under the provisions of law:
b) Utilizing deceptive or synthetic elements simulating real persons or events to intentionally and systematically deceive or manipulate human perception and behavior, causing serious harm to the legitimate rights and interests of humans;
c) Exploiting the vulnerabilities of vulnerable groups, including children, the elderly, persons with disabilities, ethnic minorities, persons who lack civil act capacity, persons with limited civil act capacity, or persons with cognitive or behavioral difficulties in order to cause harm to themselves or others;
d) Creating or disseminating falsified content capable of causing serious harm to national security, public order, or social safety.
3. Collecting, processing, or using data to develop, train, test, or operate artificial intelligence systems that violate the provisions of the law on data, personal data protection, intellectual property, and cybersecurity.
4. Obstructing, disabling, or falsifying human oversight, intervention, and control mechanisms over artificial intelligence systems as provided for in this Law.
5. Concealing information that is mandatory for disclosure, transparency, or accountability; erasing or falsifying mandatory information, labels, or warnings in artificial intelligence activities.
6. Exploiting research, experimentation, assessment, or auditing activities of artificial intelligence systems to commit acts that are contrary to the provisions of law.
1. The National Single Window Artificial Intelligence Portal is a digital platform established to facilitate the receipt, registration of participation in controlled experimentation; the receipt of notifications regarding artificial intelligence system classifications, serious incident reports and periodical reports; the disclosure of information on artificial intelligence systems, conformity assessment results, and sanctioning results of violations in accordance with the law; and the connection of support programs, funds, infrastructure, and shared data.
2. National database on artificial intelligence systems shall be established and managed uniformly to serve the management, monitoring, and public disclosure of artificial intelligence systems in accordance with the provisions of law.
3. The disclosure, connection, and sharing of data on the National Single-Window Artificial Intelligence Portal and the National Artificial Intelligence Database must ensure information safety and security; protect State secrets, business secrets, and personal data.
4. The Government shall provide detailed regulations on the mechanism for operating, managing, and using the National Single-Window Artificial Intelligence Portal and the National Artificial Intelligence Database.
RISK-BASED CLASSIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS
Article 9. Risk-based classification of artificial intelligence systems
1. Artificial intelligence systems shall be classified into the following risk levels:
a) High-risk artificial intelligence systems means the systems that are capable of causing significant harm to the life, health, legitimate rights and interests of organizations and individuals, national interests, public interests, and national security;
b) Medium-risk artificial intelligence systems are the systems capable of causing confusion, impacting or manipulating users due to their inability to recognize that the interacting entity is an artificial intelligence system, or that the content is generated by such system;
c) Low-risk artificial intelligence systems are the systems that do not fall under the cases specified in Point a and Point b of this Clause
2. The risk classification of an artificial intelligence system shall be determined on the basis of criteria concerning its level of impact on human rights, safety, and security; the sector in which the artificial intelligence system is used, particularly essential sectors or those directly related to public interests; the scope of users and the scale of the system impact.
3. The Government shall elaborate on this Article.
Article 10. Classification and notification of artificial intelligence systems
1. Providers shall self-classify their artificial intelligence systems prior to putting them into use. Systems that are classified as medium-risk or high-risk must be accompanied by classification dossiers.
2. Deployers shall inherit the classification results from providers and shall be responsible for ensuring safety and integrity of the system during use; in the event of modification, integration, or functional changes that give rise to new or higher risks, they shall have to coordinate with the provider to re-classify the system.
3. For the systems classified as medium-risk or high-risk, providers must notify the classification results to the Ministry of Science and Technology through the National Single-Window Artificial Intelligence Portal before putting into service. Organizations and individuals developing low-risk artificial intelligence systems are encouraged to disclose basic system information to enhance transparency.
4. In case where risk level cannot be determined, the provider may request guidance on classification from the Ministry of Science and Technology based on the technical dossiers.
5. Inspection and monitoring shall be conducted based on the risk level of the system:
a) High-risk artificial intelligence systems shall be subject to periodical inspections or inspections upon detection of signs of violations;
b) Medium-risk artificial intelligence systems shall be subject to monitoring through reports, random sampling inspections, or assessments by independent organizations;
c) Low-risk artificial intelligence systems shall be monitored and inspected in the events of incidents, complaints, or when necessary to ensure safety, without creating unnecessary obligations for organizations and individuals.
6. Based on the inspection and monitoring results specified in Clause 5 of this Article, upon detecting discrepancies or dishonest declarations, the competent authority shall require re-classification, supplementary dossiers, or temporary suspension of use, and simultaneously handle the matter in accordance with the law.
7. The Government shall provide detailed regulations on the required contents of notification, the order and procedures for notification, and technical guidelines on risk classification.
Article 11. Transparency obligations
1. Providers shall ensure that artificial intelligence systems interacting directly with humans are designed to operate in such a way that users are informed that they are interacting with an artificial intelligence system, unless otherwise provided for by law.
2. Providers shall ensure that audio, image, and video content generated by artificial intelligence systems is marked in a machine-readable format in accordance with regulations of the Government.
3. Deployers shall have to clearly notify the public when providing text, audio, image, or video content generated or edited by an artificial intelligence system if such content is capable of causing confusion regarding authenticity of events ỏ persons, unless otherwise provided for by the law.
4. Deployers shall be responsible for ensuring that audio, image, and video content generated or manipulated by an artificial intelligence system to simulate or replicate the appearance or voice of real persons, or to recreate real events must be affixed with a clearly recognizable label to distinguish it from real authentic content.
For products that are cinematographic, artistic, or creative works, the labeling provided for in this Clause shall be executed in an appropriate manner that does not obstruct the display, performance, or enjoyment of the work.
5. Providers and deployers shall be responsible for maintaining information transparency as specified in this Article throughout the process of providing systems, products, or content to users.
6. The Government shall provide detailed regulations on the forms of notification and labeling.
Article 12. Management and handling of artificial intelligence incidents
1. Developers, providers, deployers, and users of artificial intelligence systems shall be responsible for ensuring safety, security, and reliability; for promptly detecting and rectifying incidents that are capable of causing harm to humans, property, data, or social order.
2. When a serious incident occurs in an artificial intelligence system, the developers, providers, deployers, and users of such system shall have the following responsibilities:
a) Developers and providers must promptly apply technical measures to rectify, temporarily suspend, or recall the system, and simultaneously notify the competent authority;
b) Deployers and users shall have the obligation to record and promptly notify the incident, and coordinate in the rectification process.
3. Competent State management agencies shall receive, verify, and guide the handling of incidents; when necessary, they shall have the power to require temporary suspension, recall, or re-assessment of the artificial intelligence system.
4. The reporting and handling of incidents shall be conducted through the National Single-Window Artificial Intelligence Portal.
5. The Government shall regulate the reporting and the responsibilities of agencies, organizations, and individuals commensurate with the severity of the incident and the scope of impact of the artificial intelligence systems.
Article 13. Conformity assessment for high-risk artificial intelligence systems
1. High-risk artificial intelligence systems shall be subject to conformity assessment in accordance with the provisions of this Law before putting into service, or when significant changes occur during use. Where there are technical standards or regulations on artificial intelligence systems, the conformity assessment must also comply with the law on technical standards and regulations.
2. Conformity assessment means the verification that an artificial intelligence system meets the requirements specified in Article 14 of this Law and shall be conducted as follows:
a) For high-risk artificial intelligence systems falling under the list of artificial intelligence systems subject to mandatory conformity certification prior to use: the assessment shall be conducted by a registered or recognized conformity assessment organization in accordance with the law;
b) For other high-risk artificial intelligence systems: the provider shall perform self-assessment of conformity or hire a registered or recognize conformity assessment organization to perform conformity assessment in accordance with the law;
3. Conformity assessment results shall be a prerequisite for allowing a high-risk artificial intelligence system to be put into service; organizations or individuals whose systems have undergone conformity assessment shall be responsible for maintaining conformity and publicly disclose information as regulated by the Government, which serves as the basis for inspecting and monitoring compliance with Article 10 of this Law.
4. The Prime Minister shall promulgate the List of high-risk artificial intelligence systems, including the list of artificial intelligence systems subject to mandatory conformity certification before putting into service.
5. Conformity assessment and auditing organizations for artificial intelligence must ensure independence, possess sufficient technical capacity as regulated, and be subject to periodical monitoring by competent State agencies.
6. The Government shall elaborate on this Article.
Article 14. Management of high-risk artificial intelligence systems
1. Providers of high-risk artificial intelligence systems shall have the following responsibilities:
a) Establish and maintain risk management measures and conduct regularly reviews when the system experiences significant changes or when new risks arise;
b) Governing training, testing, and operational data to ensure quality within technical capacity, and alignment with the intended purpose of the system;
c) Compile, update, and retain technical dossiers and logs to the extent necessary for conformity assessment and inspection after the system is put into service; provide this information to competent State agencies on a need-to-know basis, proportionate to the purpose of inspection, and without disclosing business secrets;
d) Design the system to ensure human oversight and human intervention capabilities over the system;
dd) Fulfill transparency and incident handling obligations as specified in Article 11 and Article 12 of this Law;
e) Fulfill accountability obligations to competent State agencies regarding the intended purpose and operating principles at functional description level, primary input data types, risk management and control measures, and other necessary contents serving inspection and examination; provide users and affected persons with public information at functional description level, operational methods, and risk warnings to ensure safety in use. Accountability and information provision shall not require the disclosure of source code, detailed algorithms, parameter sets, or information constituting business secrets or technological secretes;
g) Coordinate with competent State agencies and deployers in he inspection, assessment, and rectification of incidents related to the system after putting into service.
2. Deployers of high-risk artificial systems shall have the following responsibilities:
a) Operate and monitor the system in accordance with the correct purpose, scope, and risk level as classified, without giving rise to new or higher risks;
b) Ensure data safety and confidentiality, and human intervention capabilities during use;
c) Maintain compliance with technical standards and regulations on artificial intelligence during the operation of the system;
d) Fulfill transparency and incident handling obligations as specified in Article 11 and Article 12 of this Law;
dd) Fulfill accountability obligations to competent State agencies regarding the operation of the system, risk control measures, incident handling, and other necessary contents serving inspection and examination; provide users and affected persons with public information at a functional description level, operational methods, and risk warnings to ensure safety in use.
e) Coordinate with providers and competent State agencies in inspection, assessment, post-market monitoring, and incident rectification.
3. Users of high-risk artificial intelligence systems shall have the responsibility to comply with operational procedures, technical guidelines, and safety assurance measures; refrain from unauthorized interventions that alter the features of the system; and promptly notify the deployers of any arising incidents.
4. Accountability must be appropriate to the technical capabilities of the system and must not disclose business secrets in accordance with the law.
5. Providers and deployers are encouraged to take out civil liability insurance or apply other measures to ensure the fulfillment of obligations for prompt incident rectification and damage compensation.
6. Foreign providers whose high-risk artificial intelligence systems are provided in Viet Nam must have a legal point of contact in Viet Nam; in case where the system is subject to mandatory conformity certification before putting into service, they must have a commercial presence or an authorized representative in Viet Nam.
7. The Government shall elaborate on this Article.
Article 15. Management of medium- and low-risk artificial intelligence systems
1. Medium-risk artificial intelligence systems shall be managed as follows:
a) Providers and deployers shall have to ensure transparency in accordance with Article 11 of this Law.
b) Providers shall be accountable for the intended purpose, operational principles at functional description level, primary input data, risk management and safety measures of the system upon request of State agencies during inspection and examination, or when there are signs of risk or incidents; accountability shall not require the disclosure of source code; detailed algorithms, parameter sets, or business secrets or technological secrets;
c) Deployers shall be accountable for the operation, risk control, incident handling, and protection of legitimate rights and interests of organizations and individuals upon request of competent State agencies during inspection, examination, or incident handling;
d) Users shall comply with regulations on notifications and labeling of artificial intelligence systems.
2. Low-risk artificial intelligence systems shall be managed as follows:
a) Providers shall be accountable upon request of competent State agencies in cases where there are signs of legal violations or impacts on the legitimate rights and interests of organizations and individuals;
b) Deployers shall be accountable upon request of competent State agencies in cases where there are signs of legal violations or impacts on legitimate rights and interests of organizations and individuals;
c) Users shall have the right to exploit and use the system for lawful purposes and shall be personally responsible before the law for their usage activities.
3. The State encourages organizations and individuals deploying medium- and low-risk artificial intelligence systems to apply technical standards on artificial intelligence.
INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND ASSURANCE OF NATIONAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SOVEREIGNTY
Article 16. National artificial intelligence infrastructure
1. National artificial intelligence infrastructure is a strategic infrastructure, including infrastructure invested by the State, enterprises, and social organizations; it shall be developed as a unified, open, safe, connectable, shareable, scalable ecosystem to ensure the requirements for artificial intelligence development and application.
2. The State shall play the role of guiding, coordinating, and guaranteeing infrastructure capacity to serve national artificial intelligence development; encourage enterprises, research institutes, universities, and social organizations to invest in, build, and share infrastructure; enhance public-private cooperation in artificial intelligence infrastructure development.
3. The State shall invest in, build, and operate artificial intelligence infrastructure provided as public service to serve research, development, state management, and support innovative startups, including computing capacity and shared data; training platforms, testing platforms, and experimental environments; foundational models, general-purposed artificial intelligence models; Vietnamese and ethnic minority large language models; and other infrastructure components.
4. National artificial intelligence infrastructure invested by the State, enterprises, and social organizations shall be connected, shared, and exploited in accordance with technical standards, regulations, and requirements on safety, security, and data protection.
5. Important artificial intelligence applications in essential sectors, according to the list promulgated by the Prime Minister must be deployed on national artificial intelligence infrastructure to ensure safety, security, and control capabilities.
6. The Government shall provide detailed regulations on mechanisms for coordination, sharing, incentives, and measures to promote the development of national artificial intelligence infrastructure, appropriate to each development stage and the requirements for ensuring national safety and security.
Article 17. Databases for artificial intelligence
1. Databases for artificial intelligence are critical components of national artificial intelligence infrastructure, including national databases, databases of ministries, ministerial-level agencies, Government-attached bodies, People's Committees at all levels, as well as databases of organizations and individuals, which are created, managed and exploited to serve training, testing, assessment, and application development of artificial intelligence in accordance with the law on data, personal data protection, and intellectual property.
2. The National Database for Artificial Intelligence invested in, built, and operated by the State at the National Data Center shall be organized on the principles of openness, safety, and controllability to meet requirements for quality, connectivity, and exploitation; it shall include open data, conditional open data, and commercial data in accordance with the law.
3. The databases for artificial intelligence of ministries, ministerial-level agencies, Government-attached bodies, and People's Committees at all levels shall be built, updated, and uniformly connected with the National Database for Artificial Intelligence, ensuring technical standards, regulations, data quality, and information safety.
4. Databases of organizations and individuals serving artificial intelligence are encouraged to be shared with State agencies and other organizations and individuals under an agreement mechanism; such sharing must comply with the la on data, personal data protection, and intellectual property, ensuring the legitimate rights and interests of relevant parties.
5. The Prime Minister shall promulgate the list of datasets to serving artificial intelligence development in essential sectors, with priority given to cultural data, Vietnamese and ethnic minority language data, administrative procedure data, and data on healthcare, education, agriculture, environment, transport, socio-economic development, and other important fields.
6. The Government shall provide detailed regulations on the principles for connection, mechanisms for sharing and exploitation, and data safety assurance within databases serving artificial intelligence.
Article 18. Mastering artificial intelligence technology
1. The State shall give priority to developing and mastering core artificial intelligence technologies; prioritize resources for research and development of general-purposed artificial intelligence models, Vietnamese and ethnic minority large language models, Vietnamese knowledge processing technologies, high-performance computing and training technologies, hardware and semiconductors serving artificial intelligence; promote the development and application of open source code in a bid to enhance technological autonomy, safety, and national sovereignty in the digital environment.
2. The State shall promote the research, development, improvement, and application of domestic artificial intelligence technologies; support organizations and individuals in developing models, algorithms, software, hardware, and foundational technologies; encourage resource-saving solutions that are easy to deploy and suitable for Viet Nam's conditions; develop national endogenous capacity and innovation ecosystem for artificial intelligence; and enhance public-private partnership to master technology.
3. Organizations and individuals researching, developing, and mastering core artificial intelligence technologies shall be entitled to enjoy preferential policies and specific support in accordance with the law.
4. The State shall promote the application of artificial intelligence to serve scientific research, analysis, and simulation activities, technological design and testing, and the automation of research, development, and innovation process to enhance national scientific and technological capabilities; create favorable conditions to formulate creative capacity and master the entire lifecycle of artificial intelligence technology.
5. The Government shall provide detailed regulations on mechanisms, criteria, and measures to promote the mastering of artificial intelligence technology, appropriate to each development stage and the requirements for ensuring national safety and security.
APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATION ECO-SYSTEM AND HUMAN RESOURCES
Article 19. National strategy for artificial intelligence
1. The Prime Minister shall promulgate a National strategy for artificial intelligence, review, evaluate, and update it periodically at least once every three years or when major fluctuations in technology and market occur. Ministries, ministerial-level agencies, Government-attached bodies, and People's Committees at all levels shall be responsible for integrating the objectives and duties of the strategy into their respective sector, field, and local development strategies and plans, and ensure resources for execution.
2. The National strategy for artificial intelligence shall be formulated on the basis of the development orientations of technologies, infrastructure, data, and human resources; promote the research, mastery, and application off artificial intelligence in priority fields; ensure safety, innovation, and national sovereignty in digital environment. The strategy must provide a system of indicators, methods, and measurement mechanisms to assess the level of national artificial intelligence development.
3. The State encourages the development of artificial intelligence technology groups suitable to Viet Nam's conditions, potential to create added value, environmentally friendly, easily applicable on a wide scale, and contribute to ensuring national sovereignty in digital environment.
Article 20. Development of artificial intelligence ecosystem and market
1. Organizations and individuals operating in the field of artificial intelligence shall enjoy the highest incentives and support in accordance with the law on science and technology, investment, digital technology industry, high-technology, digital transformation, and related legal regulations; they shall be provided with favorable conditions to access infrastructure, data, and experimental environments serving research, production and commercialization of artificial intelligence products and services.
2. The State shall support the development of artificial intelligence ecosystem and market, including:
a) Prioritizing the use of artificial intelligence products and services in accordance with the law on bidding;
b) Developing artificial intelligence products and services, including technology exchange platforms, and demand-supply connection platforms;
c) Ensuring fair and transparent access to computing infrastructure, data, and controlled experimental environments.
d) Applying preferential tax, investment, and financial policies based on the principles of encouraging the research, production, and commercialization of artificial intelligence products and services.
3. The State encourages the development and application of next-generation of artificial intelligence, promote innovation, enhance governance, production and business, and public service delivery capacity.
4. Organizations, individuals, enterprises, research facilities, and State agencies are encouraged to exploit, share, and reuse data in the National Database for Artificial Intelligence to serve the research, training, testing, and innovation, ensuring compliance with the law on data, personal data protection, cybersecurity, and intellectual property.
5. Small and medium-sized enterprises and innovative startups on artificial intelligence shall be prioritized in accessing technical infrastructure, data, and experimental environments, and shall enjoy support regarding costs, training, and market connection to develop artificial intelligence products and services.
6. The Government shall provide detailed regulations on mechanisms, conditions, and procedures for executing support measures to develop artificial intelligence ecosystem and market.
Article 21. Regulatory sandbox mechanism for artificial intelligence
1. The regulatory sandbox mechanism for artificial intelligence shall comply with the law on science, technology, and innovation, and provisions of Clauses 2, 3, and 4 of this Article.
2. Controlled experimentation results shall serve as the basis for State agencies to consider:
a) Recognizing conformity assessment results as provided for in this Law;
b) Exempting, reducing corresponding compliance obligations
under this Law.
3. Competent State agencies shall take prime responsibility for and coordinate with relevant agencies to receive, appraise, and process dossiers under a fast-track appraisal and feedback process; monitor the experimentation process and decide to temporarily suspend or terminate experimentation when there are risks affecting safety, security, or legitimate rights and interests of organizations and individuals.
4. The Government shall elaborate on this Article.
Article 22. National artificial intelligence development fund
1. The National artificial intelligence development fund is an off-budget state financial fund, operating on a non-profit basis, established by the Government to mobilize, coordinate, and allocate resources to promote the research, development, application, and management of artificial intelligence serving socio-economic development, national defense, security, and enhancement of national competitiveness.
2. The financial resources of the Fund shall include allocations from the state budget; contributions, aid, and sponsorships from domestic and foreign organizations and individuals; other lawful sources in accordance with the provisions of law.
3. The Fund shall apply a specific financial mechanism that accepts risks in science, technology, and innovation; allocate capital flexibly according to progress and implementation requirements, independent of the fiscal year; and apply simplified order and procedures for tasks of strategic nature or those requiring rapid deployment. The Fund shall be prioritized for investment, sponsorship, and support in:
a) Developing artificial intelligence infrastructure;
b) Researching, developing, and mastering core artificial intelligence technologies;
c) Developing artificial intelligence enterprises;
d) Training, fostering, and attracting artificial intelligence workforce;
dd) Other investment and support duties serving artificial intelligence development objectives as regulated by the Government.
4. The Fund shall operate on the principles of openness, transparency, efficiency, and proper purpose; ensuring coordination and non-duplication with other state financial funds.
5. The Government shall provide detailed regulations on the specific financial mechanism, organization, management, use, and monitoring of the Fund.
Article 23. Development of artificial intelligence human resources
1. The State shall develop artificial intelligence human resources in a comprehensive manner, interconnected across educational levels and training decrees to formulate a high-quality workforce serving the research, development, application, and management of artificial intelligence.
2. General education shall integrate basic content on artificial intelligence, computational thinking, digital skills, and technology ethics into the compulsory curriculum; encourage experiential, research, and creative activities in the field of artificial intelligence.
3. Vocational training facilities and tertiary institutions are encouraged to build training programs in artificial intelligence, data science, and related specialities; cooperate with enterprises, research institutes, and international organizations in training, internships, technology research and transfer.
4. The State shall deploy a National Program on Artificial Intelligence Human Resource Development, including policies on training, scholarships, attracting and rewarding experts, developing the contingent of lecturers, scientists, and management personnel in the field of artificial intelligence.
5. Organizations, training institutions, research institutes, and enterprises participating in the development of artificial intelligence human resources shall enjoy incentive and preferential mechanisms in accordance with the provisions of law, and shall be responsible for coordinating in training, applied research, and professional practice, aligning training with practical needs.
6. Tertiary institutions, research institutes, and innovation centers shall be responsible for cooperating, sharing knowledge, and participating in the national and international networks for artificial intelligence human resource training, research and development.
7. The Ministry of Education and Training shall take prime responsibility for formulating and submitting to the Prime Minster for promulgation of a National Program for Artificial Intelligence Human Resource Development, which provides for standards, recognition of training programs, mechanisms for resource mobilization, and preferential policies for participating organizations and individuals.
Article 24. Development of artificial intelligence linkage clusters
1. Artificial intelligence linkage clusters mean a cooperative network among enterprises, research institutes, universities, and relevant organizations, organized to enhance functional, artificial intelligence infrastructure, physical space linkages in order to promote innovation, develop artificial intelligence, and enhance competitiveness.
2. The State encourages the development of artificial intelligence linkage clusters based on a model of combining concentrated physical spaces and digital linkage networks; forms the centers of linkage clusters in high-tech zones, concentrated digital technology zones, and innovation centers; attracts organizations and individuals to invest in building technical infrastructure serving the operation of linkage clusters, including laboratories, testing centers, auditing facilities, and other support facilities meeting national and international standards.
3. Organizations and individuals that are recognized members of artificial intelligence linkage clusters shall enjoy the following preferential policies:
a) Priority in accessing and using national artificial intelligence infrastructure, shared data, and experimental platforms at preferential costs;
b) Support in participating in human resource training programs, trade promotion, scientific, technological, and innovation duties in key fields.
4. The Government shall provide detailed regulations on the criteria, order, and procedures for recognition and operational mechanism of artificial intelligence linkage clusters and preferential policies specified in Clause 3 of this Article.
Article 25. Support for enterprises in the field of artificial intelligence
1. Innovative startups, small and medium-sized enterprises shall be supported with the costs for conformity assessments provided for in this Law; provided with free model dossiers, self-assessment tools, training and consultancy; and prioritized for support from the National Artificial Intelligence Development Fund.
2. Innovative startups, small and medium-sized enterprises, science and technology organizations, and research groups with feasible innovation projects shall be supported through support vouchers to use computing infrastructure, shared data, Vietnamese and ethnic minority language models, training and testing platforms, and technical consultancy services serving the research, development, and deployment of artificial intelligence applications.
3. Enterprises with research, development and innovation capacities in the field of artificial intelligence shall be prioritized to participate in duties under science, technology, and innovation programs, high-technology development duties prioritized for development investment, strategic technologies, and key digital technology products and services; they shall be supported in developing core technologies, foundational models, hardware, and high-performance training technologies in accordance with the national artificial intelligence capacity development orientations
4. Enterprises participating in artificial intelligence experimentation under a regulatory sandbox mechanism shall be supported with technical consultancy, risk assessment, safety testing, and connectivity with testing and accreditation facilities in accordance with law.
5. Enterprises sharing data, models, tools, or research results serving artificial intelligence development shall enjoy incentives or support under the provisions of law, ensuring compliance with the law on data, personal data protection, and intellectual property.
6. The State encourages cooperation among enterprises, research institutes, universities, and innovation centers in order to develop artificial intelligence technology, commercialize research results, and expand innovation capacity; encourages enterprises' long-term investment in artificial intelligence research and development.
ETHNICS AND RESPONSIBILITY IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ACTIVTIES
Article 26. National artificial intelligence ethnical framework
1. The national artificial intelligence ethnical framework shall be promulgated on the basis of the following principles:
a) Ensuring safety and reliability, and causing no harm to human life, health, honor, dignity, and mental well-being;
b) Respecting human rights, and citizens' rights, ensuring fairness, transparency, and non-discrimination in the development and use of artificial intelligence;
c) Promoting well-being, prosperity, and sustainable development of humans, communities, and society;
d) Encouraging innovation and social responsibility in the research, development, and application of artificial intelligence;
2. The national artificial intelligence ethnical framework shall be periodically reviewed and updated, or upon major changes in technology, law, and management practices.
3. The national artificial intelligence ethnical framework shall serve as the guiding basis for formulating technical standards, technical regulations, specialized guidelines, and policies to encourage the development of safe, reliable, and responsible artificial intelligence.
4. The State shall encourage organizations and individuals to apply the national artificial intelligence ethnical framework in the process of researching, developing, providing, deploying, and using artificial intelligence systems to ensure transparency, fairness, safety, and respect for human rights.
5. The Minister of Science and Technology shall promulgate the national artificial intelligence ethnical framework based on the provisions of Clause 1 of this Article.
1. The use of artificial intelligence in state management and provision of public services must ensure openness, transparency, and a responsibility to comply with the national artificial intelligence ethnical framework.
2. Artificial intelligence systems shall not replace the authority and decision-making responsibility of decision-makers as provided by law. Decision-makers shall be held responsible for reviewing and utilizing results provided by artificial intelligence systems.
3. Agencies operating high-risk artificial intelligence systems or systems having a significant impact on human rights, social equality, or public interests must prepare an impact assessment report on the use of such systems; the report shall include the identification of risks, control measures, and ensuring the capability of human oversight and intervention.
4. The agency preparing the impact assessment report shall be held responsible for the content, truthfulness, and completeness of the report; the report shall be made public in accordance with the provision of the law, except for the content classified as state secrets, business secrets, or personal data.
5. The Government shall elaborate on the content, procedures, and responsibilities for impact assessments, risk management, and oversight ò the use of artificial intelligence systems in state management and provision of public services.
INSPECTION, EXAMINATION, AND HANDLING OF VIOLATIONS
Article 28. Inspection, examination
1. Inspection activities in the field of artificial intelligence shall be carried out in accordance with law on inspection.
2. Agencies and organizations authorized to perform state management of artificial intelligence shall be responsible for examining the compliance with the law by organizations and individuals in artificial intelligence activities.
3. During the inspection and examination process, relevant organizations and individuals shall be obliged to provide technical dossiers, system logs, training data, and other necessary information to determine the causes of violations, incidents, or to allocate liabilities; the provision of information and data must comply with law on state secret protection, data, personal data protection, and intellectual property.
4. Inspection and examination conclusions, as well as decisions on administrative sanctions shall be made public in accordance with the provisions of the law.
Article 29. Handling of violations, liability for damages
1. Organizations and individuals commit an act of violation against this Law and other laws related to artificial intelligence shall, depending on the nature, severity, and consequences of the violation, be subject to administrative sanctions or criminal prosecution, and if such violation causes damage, compensation must be made in accordance with the provisions of civil law.
2. In the event that a high-risk artificial intelligence system is managed, operated, and utilized in accordance with regulations but damages still occur, the deploying party shall be liable for compensation for aggrieved party. After making such compensation, the deploying party may request the provider or the developer, or relevant parties to reimburse the compensated amount, subject to any agreement between the parties.
3. The liability for damage compensation provided in Clause 2 of this Article shall be exempted in the following cases:
a) The damage is caused entirely by the intentional fault of the aggrieved party;
b) The damage occurs due to a force majeure event or in a state of emergency, unless otherwise provided by law.
4. In the event that an artificial intelligence system is infiltrated, compromised, or unlawfully interfered with by a third party, such third party shall be liable for compensating the damages. Where the deploying party or the provider is at fault for allowing the system to be infiltrated, compromised, or unlawfully interfered with, they shall be jointly liable for compensating the damages in accordance with the provisions of civil law.
5. The Government shall further elaborate on administrative sanctions against acts of violations caused by artificial intelligence systems.
STATE MANAGEMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Article 30. Contents and responsibilities of state management of artificial intelligence
1. State management contents shall include:
a) Formulate, promulgate and organize the implementation of strategies, policies, programs, and legal documents on artificial intelligence;
b) Promulgate and organize the implementation of norms and technical standards on artificial intelligence;
c) Manage, coordinate, and develop national artificial intelligence infrastructure;
d) Manage and monitor artificial intelligence activities;
dd) Disseminate and popularize laws, policies, statistical data, reports, scientific research, and international cooperation regarding artificial intelligence;
e) Inspect, handle violations, settle complaints and denunciations regarding artificial intelligence.
2. Responsibilities for state management of artificial intelligence:
a) The Government shall exercise unified state management of artificial intelligence;
b) The Ministry of Science and Technology shall be the lead agency responsible before the Government for state management of artificial intelligence nationwide;
c) Ministries and ministerial-level agencies, within their assigned functions, tasks, and powers, shall coordinate with the Ministry of Science and Technology in exercising state management of artificial intelligence;
d) The People's Committees of provinces and cities shall exercise state management of artificial intelligence within their administrative boundaries.
Article 31. Principles for providing information and data for state management
1. Competent State agencies, organizations, and individuals authorized to perform state management in accordance with this Law shall be responsible for ensuring the secrecy of information and data, and business secrecy provided to them during the course of their duties, including technical dossiers, training data, source code, and algorithm in accordance with the law.
2. Any request made to an organization or individual for the provision of information and data shall be necessary, proportionate, and consistent with the scope, purpose, and content of state management activities.
3. Provided information and data must be kept safe and secured in accordance with the law.
Article 32. International cooperation
1. International cooperation in the field of artificial intelligence shall be carried out in accordance with law on science and technology, law on technology transfer, other related law, and international treaties to which the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam is a signatory.
2. The State encourages international cooperation in sharing high-efficiency, data, human resource, scientific research, and recognition of conformity assessment outcomes in accordance with this Law.
Clause 9 of Article 3, Clause 7 of Article 4, Clause 6 of Article 12, Point d of Clause 2 of Article 34 and Chapter IV of the Law on Digital Technology.
This Law shall take effect on March 1, 2026, except for the relevant provisions specified in Article 35 of this Law.
Article 35. Transitional provisions
1. For artificial intelligence systems put into operation prior to the effective date of this Law, providers and deployers shall be responsible for fulfilling compliance obligations in accordance with this Law within the following time limits:
a) Eighteen months from the effective date of this Law with respect to artificial intelligence systems in the fields of healthcare, education, and finance;
b) Twelve months from the effective date of this Law with respect to artificial intelligence systems other than those specified in Point a of this Article.
2. During the period specified in Clause 1 of this Article, the artificial intelligence systems may continue to operate, except where the State management authority in charge of artificial intelligence determines that such systems pose risks of causing serious harm, such authority shall have the power to request the suspension or termination of operations of the systems.
This Law was adopted by the 15th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam at the 10th working session on December 10, 2025.
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